DIYAuctions
Seller Field Guide

8 Pro Estate Sale Tips for 2026: Maximize Profit

Get our top 8 estate sale tips for 2026. Learn expert strategies for pricing, marketing, and logistics to maximize your profit and run a successful sale.

By DIYAuctions TeamEstate Sale Basics
8 Pro Estate Sale Tips for 2026: Maximize Profit - Estate sale guide and tips

You are staring at a house full of things that all seem to matter at once. Some pieces have obvious resale value. Some feel ordinary until you look closer. Some carry family history, and some just need to be moved quickly so you can settle an estate, prepare a home for sale, or finish a downsizing project without dragging it out for months.

That is why good estate sale tips matter. This is not just a clean-out job. It is a pricing job, a marketing job, a logistics job, and, in many cases, an emotional job. The people who do best with a DIY estate sale are not the ones who rush to list everything. They are the ones who build order before they try to create momentum.

There is also a financial reason to be deliberate. The estate sale industry generates about $5 billion in annual revenue, and professional estate sale companies commonly charge commissions of 25 to 40 percent of total sales, which can take a large bite out of seller returns according to these estate sale industry statistics. For many sellers, that fee structure is exactly why a modern DIY or hybrid model is worth considering.

A profitable online estate sale usually comes down to a few controllable moves. Know what you have. Price it from actual sold comparables, not wishful thinking. Present it well. Market the strongest pieces where buyers already look. Make pickup simple. Then close the loop cleanly after the sale.

If you want more control and more of the proceeds, the process can work in your favor. But only if you treat it like a project with steps, not a pile of stuff with price tags. Start there, and the rest gets easier.

1. Conduct a Thorough Inventory and Categorization

Most estate sale mistakes start before pricing. They start when sellers guess at what is in the house.

A room-by-room inventory fixes that. It turns a chaotic property into a working catalog. It also helps you separate true sale inventory from keepsakes, donations, trash, and items that need special handling.

A person organizes cardboard boxes labeled for an estate sale while holding a green coffee mug.

Start broad. Group items into furniture, art, jewelry, tools, kitchenware, collectibles, electronics, holiday décor, garage items, and everyday household goods. Then get more specific inside each category. “Chair” is not enough. “Pair of teak dining chairs with original upholstery” is useful. So is “box lot of hand tools, mixed brands, moderate wear.”

Build the inventory before you touch pricing

Use a spreadsheet or a notes app with columns for item name, room, condition, maker or brand, measurements, and whether the item is being sold individually or in a lot. As you walk, take phone photos immediately. It is faster to snap a maker’s mark while you are already holding the item than to hunt for it later.

This step also exposes hidden value. In practice, ordinary homes often contain a handful of standout pieces mixed into common household goods. A seller may overlook a signed ceramic piece, quality stereo equipment, sterling flatware, or a mid-century case piece because it sits next to low-value items. Categorization prevents that.

A practical sort system helps:

  • Keep pile: Family items, documents, photos, heirlooms, and anything beneficiaries need to review.
  • Sell pile: Inventory with realistic resale demand.
  • Donate pile: Usable but low-value goods that would cost too much time to list.
  • Discard pile: Damaged, incomplete, expired, or unsafe items.

Flag what needs expert review

Not every item deserves an appraisal. For valuable pieces, though, one expert opinion can prevent expensive mispricing. Professional pricing guidance often recommends appraisers for higher-value items, while common items can be researched through comparable sales already noted earlier. If you want a cleaner process, these inventory management best practices are a good framework for building your catalog.

Write down damage, repairs, missing parts, and provenance the first time you see them. Sellers forget details faster than they expect.

A good inventory does more than organize the sale. It tells you what kind of sale you are running. Whole-house clearance, collector-focused catalog, or a hybrid of both. That decision shapes every step after it.

2. Invest in Professional Photography and Detailed Descriptions

Online buyers cannot pick up a lamp, open a drawer, or inspect the underside of a table. Your photos and descriptions have to do that work for them.

Poor presentation makes even good items look risky. Strong presentation makes buyers comfortable bidding, buying, and showing up for pickup without second-guessing the listing.

A professional DSLR camera on a tripod sits next to a glass vase containing green plant stems.

Natural daylight near a window is usually enough for most household items. Use a plain background when possible. Photograph furniture from multiple angles, plus close-ups of labels, hardware, upholstery, wear, and any repair areas. For small valuables, include tight shots of signatures, marks, clasps, bases, and edges.

Descriptions should answer the questions a serious buyer would ask before making the drive:

  • What is it exactly: Brand, maker, material, era, model, or style
  • What shape is it in: Working condition, cosmetic wear, chips, cracks, missing parts, odors, repairs
  • How big is it: Measurements matter, especially for furniture
  • What is included: Cords, shelves, keys, boxes, manuals, companion pieces

Accuracy sells better than hype

Do not describe everything as rare, antique, or mint. Use terms carefully. “Vintage” is not the same as “antique.” “Working when last used” is not the same as “tested and fully functional.” Buyers reward precision.

I also recommend writing descriptions as if the buyer will never message you. The listing should stand on its own. If a chair has one loose spindle, say so. If a record cabinet has water rings on top, show them. Hiding flaws rarely protects value. It usually leads to cancellations, lower bids, or pickup disputes.

If you need a solid listing format, this guide to estate sale listing is useful for structuring titles, photos, and item details. It also helps to document your work like a pro with photos and reviews so buyers see consistency and professionalism across the sale.

A quick visual walkthrough can help you standardize your process:

What works best in practice

For common household goods, clean, bright, honest listings are enough. For collectibles, jewelry, design furniture, and specialty tools, detail matters much more. The more a buyer has to infer, the more cautious they become.

This is one of the simplest estate sale tips to apply, and one of the most profitable. Better photos do not just make listings prettier. They reduce friction. In online selling, less friction means more action.

3. Price Items Strategically Using Comparable Sales Research

A seller lists a dining set for what the family paid ten years ago. It gets views, a few saves, and no serious action. The problem usually is not demand alone. The price was set from memory instead of evidence.

Strong estate sale pricing starts with current comparables. Buyers compare your listing against dozens of others in minutes, especially in an online sale where they can jump between platforms and categories without leaving the couch. Original retail, insurance values, and family expectations do not help much here. Current condition, brand, completeness, and local pickup friction do.

The fastest way to price with discipline is to check sold listings, not active ones. eBay sold items, LiveAuctioneers results, WorthPoint if you have access, and even closed Facebook Marketplace comps can show what buyers paid. That gives you a real range to work from.

Then tighten the match. A maker's mark can change value. So can veneer damage, replaced hardware, missing shelves, worn upholstery, or a repaired crack. For antiques and collectibles, old appraisal paperwork is often less useful than a recent sale of a similar item in similar condition.

Here is the practical framework I use:

  • Common household goods: Price to sell quickly. Everyday kitchenware, basic lamps, used linens, and generic furniture rarely improve with ambitious pricing.
  • Better-brand and design-led pieces: Check sold comps carefully and leave room for strong presentation to do its job. Mid-century furniture, studio ceramics, quality tools, and recognizable lighting often earn more attention.
  • Specialty categories: Research separately. Jewelry, coins, art, militaria, records, and signed items need category-specific comps, and sometimes specialist review, before you set a number.
  • Lots and groupings: Price the lot based on how buyers will use it. A sewing bundle, garage shelf cleanout, or box lot of holiday décor should make sense as a package, not as a stack of disconnected retail prices.

Two mistakes show up in almost every underperforming sale. One is anchoring to what the item cost new. The other is pricing every object as if an estate sale buyer only wants a steal. Both leave money on the table, just in different ways.

The better approach is to set prices by role. Traffic-driving items should feel fair enough to get quick bids or quick buys. Scarcer pieces with clear provenance, strong condition, and proven demand can start higher. That balance protects margin while still keeping the sale active.

If you want a repeatable method, this guide on how to price estate sale items lays out a useful framework for setting starting prices, reserves, and markdown logic.

A simple test helps when you are stuck. Ask whether a qualified buyer would feel comfortable acting today at that number, with the photos and description you have already provided. If the answer is no, adjust the price, improve the listing, or both.

4. Schedule Your Sale at Optimal Times for Maximum Traffic

A well-priced online estate sale can still underperform if it opens at the wrong time. I see this most often when sellers rush to list because the house needs to be cleared, then wonder why strong pieces get weak engagement. Timing affects who sees the sale, how long they have to evaluate larger purchases, and whether pickup feels workable.

Spring often gives broad household inventory the best audience, especially furniture, garden items, tools, and everyday home goods. Seasonal fit matters, but the month alone does not decide the outcome. The better question is simpler. When will the right buyers have time to browse, bid, and collect what they buy?

Match the calendar to the inventory

Start with the inventory mix, not your preferred date.

Patio sets, planters, outdoor tools, and move-ready furniture usually perform better when buyers are actively setting up homes and outdoor spaces. Holiday décor, entertaining pieces, and giftable smalls tend to need a different window. Collector categories need even more care. A buyer hunting militaria, records, cameras, or sewing machines often shops with more patience and more selectivity than someone furnishing a guest room.

That difference should shape your calendar. If your sale depends on niche demand, give those buyers enough time to find the catalog and ask questions before the sale closes.

Check the local calendar before you commit

Date selection is partly a marketing decision and partly an operations decision. A crowded weekend with several large estate sales, a major community event, or a holiday travel period can thin out attention fast. Online buyers compare sales quickly. If your best items launch into a busy local weekend, they compete not just on price, but on convenience and visibility.

Pickup timing matters just as much. A great bid on a heavy dining set means less if the buyer realizes later that street parking is limited, the building elevator is small, or the HOA restricts access.

Give buyers enough runway

Good buyers rarely purchase high-value estate items on impulse. They measure walls, confirm vehicle space, ask about condition, and coordinate help for pickup. A short lead time cuts out that buyer behavior and favors only the fastest bargain hunters.

For most sales, a clean lead-in improves results. Publish early enough for browsing, watching, and planning. That is especially important if you have furniture, workshop equipment, or fragile lots that require deliberate pickup arrangements.

A practical timing checklist helps:

  • Avoid obvious conflicts: Major holidays, school move-in dates, and big local events can pull attention away from your sale.
  • Schedule pickup with real conditions in mind: Rain, extreme heat, and poor access reduce follow-through on bulky items.
  • Work backward from property constraints: Gated communities, apartment loading rules, narrow driveways, and limited parking should shape your closing date and pickup window.
  • Leave room for buyer questions: If the catalog goes live too late, serious buyers do not have time to evaluate higher-ticket items properly.

Strong timing will not fix weak listings, but it does protect the work you already put into pricing and presentation. In a modern online estate sale, the best schedule creates two things at once. Enough exposure to bring in competitive bidding, and enough control to make pickup and closeout manageable.

5. Create a Compelling Sale Preview and Marketing Strategy

A buyer opens your listing at lunch, scrolls for ten seconds, and decides whether your sale is worth following. That decision usually happens before they read a single full description. The preview has one job. Show enough quality, variety, and clarity to earn the click, the save, and the bid.

A strong preview is selective. It does not try to display the whole house at once. It highlights the inventory that sets the tone of the sale, then backs it up with clear categories and honest expectations.

Lead with the inventory that earns attention

Choose the pieces that answer a buyer's first question: "Why should I care about this sale?" That might be a Danish teak credenza, a bench full of mechanic's tools, sterling flatware, costume jewelry, vinyl, or clean outdoor furniture. Put those items in your title, cover image, and first round of posts.

Visual channels matter because estate buyers shop with their eyes first. A sharp photo of a signed vase, a short video sweep of a workshop, or a carousel of mid-century furniture gives buyers a reason to stop scrolling. Generic posts about an "upcoming estate sale" rarely do.

Keep the promise accurate. If the stars of the sale are practical household goods, present them as clean, useful, ready-to-buy basics. That still sells. It just attracts the right buyer instead of disappointing the wrong one.

Write preview copy that helps buyers find you

Your headline and category language should match the way buyers search. Use specific terms when they are true: "mid-century modern," "sterling," "Pyrex," "record collection," "shop tools," "vintage Christmas," or a maker's name. Broad wording gets lost. Specific wording pulls in qualified traffic.

The best preview copy covers three things fast:

  • What the sale includes: Furniture, art, jewelry, kitchenware, garage items, books, décor
  • What stands out: Designers, materials, styles, collections, or unusual categories
  • What the buyer needs to know: General location, sale dates, pickup terms, and loading limitations

This is marketing, but it is also screening. Clear copy saves time by bringing in buyers who are prepared for what you are selling.

Match the channel to the inventory

Different buyers respond to different channels. Local collectors may watch estate sale platforms closely. Dealers often react to email alerts and saved searches. Casual buyers tend to respond to Facebook and Instagram if the photos are strong and the captions are specific.

Use each channel for a reason. Email works well for segmented audiences, especially if you have repeat buyers from earlier sales. Social posts work well for eye-catching items and reminder content. Marketplace-style exposure helps broaden reach, but it only works if the preview images and titles are sharp enough to compete.

Good marketing does not mean posting everywhere. It means posting the right inventory in the right format, early enough for serious buyers to plan.

One caution matters here. Overselling hurts results. If buyers arrive expecting designer furniture and find basic household contents, trust drops fast, bids soften, and pickup disputes increase. Accurate previews protect both conversion and reputation, which is how you keep control of an online estate sale from first click to final pickup.

6. Implement Smart Bundling and Lot Strategies

Not everything should be sold one piece at a time.

Some categories perform better as grouped lots because buyers see utility, completeness, or resale potential faster when the pieces sit together. Bundling also helps move lower-interest items without dragging down the visibility of better ones.

A wooden end table with a burlap lamp, a stack of ceramic bowls, and a green cushioned chair.

Bundle by use, not by convenience alone

A good lot tells a story. A better lot solves a need.

A dining room suite belongs together when the table, chairs, leaf, and server create a complete setup. A workshop lot works when the hand tools all fit the same buyer. Vintage linens can perform better when grouped by theme, size, or material instead of being listed as random singles. Books move faster in genre or subject lots than in endless individual listings, unless a title has clear standalone value.

Good bundle ideas include:

  • Decorator lots: Vases, framed art, lamps, mirrors, and small accents that suit resellers or stagers
  • Kitchen lots: Bakeware, mixing bowls, utensils, and serving pieces grouped by function
  • Office lots: Desk accessories, shelving, task lighting, and storage items
  • Collection lots: Holiday décor, sewing supplies, craft materials, records by genre, or garden tools

Know when not to bundle

Do not bury a premium item inside a mediocre lot just to move the lot. If one object can carry its own listing, give it that chance. A signed artwork, fine jewelry piece, collectible toy, or branded design item usually deserves a separate listing.

Online-focused liquidation has made this more important. One underserved tactic in estate selling is using targeted online catalogs for high-value or niche collectibles instead of defaulting to full-house selling. That approach is especially relevant when a few categories carry much of the sale’s value, as discussed in this estate sale planning article.

Bundling works best when it reduces decision fatigue. Buyers can instantly understand the value of a complete office setup or a grouped lot of holiday décor. They hesitate when the lot feels random.

A practical test helps. Ask whether the same buyer would reasonably want every item in the lot. If the answer is yes, bundle it. If not, split it.

7. Prepare Logistics and Pickup Operations for Efficiency

Pickup day is where a profitable online estate sale either stays under control or starts leaking time, money, and goodwill.

The trouble usually starts with small failures. A buyer arrives early and blocks the driveway. Another cannot find the side entrance. A sold lamp is still sitting in the living room behind three unsold boxes. Staff stops answering questions to hunt for paid items. What looked organized in the listing phase turns chaotic at the handoff stage.

Treat pickup like a fulfillment operation. The goal is simple. Get the right item to the right buyer, on time, with a clean record that protects you if questions come up later.

Build a release system before the first pickup appointment

Every sold item needs a confirmed location, a status, and a release process. Label shelves, rooms, and holding areas clearly. If your platform uses lot numbers, match those numbers in the home, garage, or storage zone so staff can pull items without guessing.

A dedicated staging area helps more than people expect. Small paid items waiting for pickup should be grouped by appointment block or buyer name. Fragile pieces need packing supplies within reach. Furniture needs a clear exit path before buyers arrive, not after. If a dresser has to come down a narrow hall, measure that route in advance and remove obstacles early.

A simple floor map near the entrance can cut repeated questions all day. It also reduces the number of times staff has to leave the check-out point to give directions.

Control the flow instead of letting pickup control you

Scheduled pickup windows usually outperform open pickup periods. They reduce traffic jams, shorten wait times, and make it easier to verify each release. This matters even more for online estate sales, where buyers often show up only for one lot and expect a fast handoff.

Set expectations before pickup day, not in the driveway. Send one clear message that covers arrival window, parking instructions, entry point, stairs, gate codes, and whether buyers need to bring help for large items. If loading help is limited, say so plainly. That avoids the common dispute where a buyer expects full moving assistance for a heavy piece that was sold as pickup only.

Use a master release sheet with buyer name, lot number, payment status, pickup status, and any notes about condition or missing parts. For higher-value items, take a quick photo at release. That record has settled more than a few avoidable arguments.

Practical safeguards keep the day steady:

  • Use traceable payment records: Confirm payment before staff pulls the item
  • Assign one pickup lead: One person should answer release questions and approve exceptions
  • Separate sold and unsold inventory: Buyers should not dig through active house contents to find their purchases
  • Post loading rules clearly: State who lifts, who disassembles, and what equipment is available
  • Hold unclaimed items in one zone: Do not scatter problem pickups across the property

One detail gets missed often. Payment and pickup records matter after the sale too. Executors and DIY sellers may need a clean paper trail for accounting, taxes, and family reporting, which is why it helps to keep organized documentation and review what receipts to keep for taxes as part of the sale process.

A buyer will tolerate a short wait. They lose confidence fast when nobody can tell them where their paid item is.

Good logistics do more than prevent headaches. They protect margins. Staff spends less time searching, buyers move through faster, and the property clears on schedule. That is the difference between an online estate sale that merely gets listings live and one that runs like a controlled, profitable operation from catalog to final pickup.

8. Follow Up and Manage Post-Sale Items and Reputation

The sale is not finished when the last buyer pulls away.

The final stage decides whether you end with clean records, a usable buyer list, and a manageable amount of leftover inventory, or whether the property still feels half-finished. It also shapes your credibility if you plan to run another sale later.

Close the loop while details are fresh

Send short thank-you messages after pickup. They do not need to be elaborate. A simple note with confirmation that the transaction is complete and an invitation to leave feedback is enough.

Repeat buyers are valuable in estate selling. Many buyers shop by category and come back when they trust a seller’s listings, photos, and pickup process. If someone bought tools this time and had an easy experience, they are much more likely to watch your next sale.

This is also the point to resolve problems professionally. If a buyer raises a fair condition concern, address it quickly. If the complaint stems from a clearly disclosed flaw, respond with the listing record and stay calm. The goal is not to win an argument. The goal is to maintain a reputation for straight dealing.

Have a plan for what did not sell

Do not leave unsold inventory as a vague future problem. Sort it immediately into a few practical paths:

  • Hold for a later targeted sale: Good for category-specific leftovers with real demand
  • Donate: Best for usable low-value goods that cost more to relist than they will return
  • Dispose responsibly: For broken, incomplete, unsafe, or non-donatable items

One reason modern hybrid selling appeals to many hosts is satisfaction with transparency and lower fees. According to the estate sale pricing guide cited earlier, 78 percent of hybrid model participants reported higher satisfaction. That is a useful reminder that seller experience matters too. Profit is not the only outcome. Clarity matters. Control matters. Fewer loose ends matter.

Keep your own records as well. Save item photos, sale summaries, notes about what categories moved fastest, and a contact list of reliable buyers. Over time, that becomes an asset. You stop starting from zero.

8-Point Estate Sale Tips Comparison

Strategy🔄 Implementation Complexity⚡ Resource Requirements⭐📊 Expected Outcomes💡 Ideal Use CasesKey Advantages
Conduct a Thorough Inventory and CategorizationHigh 🔄 (time-intensive, detailed)Medium ⚡ (time, spreadsheet/app; possible appraiser)⭐⭐⭐⭐ 📊 Thorough oversight; fewer overlooked or underpriced items💡 Large estates, downsizing, collector-heavy inventoriesPrevents underpricing; streamlines listings; enables strategic bundling
Invest in Professional Photography and Detailed DescriptionsMedium 🔄 (requires consistent technique)High ⚡ (camera/lighting or pro services; time for copy)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 📊 Higher conversion rates and final prices; fewer disputes💡 High-value items, antiques, art, remote buyersBoosts buyer confidence; increases bids; reduces returns
Price Items Strategically Using Comparable Sales ResearchMedium 🔄 (research-heavy but systematic)Medium ⚡ (time, marketplace/database access)⭐⭐⭐⭐ 📊 Data-driven pricing that maximizes returns and attracts bids💡 Collectibles, branded goods, items with volatile marketsOptimizes profit; reduces guesswork; finds undervalued items
Schedule Your Sale at Optimal Times for Maximum TrafficLow–Medium 🔄 (coordination and timing)Low ⚡ (market research, scheduling tools)⭐⭐⭐ 📊 Increased attendance and competition when timed well💡 Physical sales, seasonal goods, local buyer peaksIncreases foot traffic; capitalizes on seasonal demand; boosts competition
Create a Compelling Sale Preview and Marketing StrategyMedium–High 🔄 (multi-channel campaign work)Medium–High ⚡ (design, copy, promotion budget)⭐⭐⭐⭐ 📊 Wider reach, attracted specialty buyers, higher average sale values💡 Special collections, designer items, sales needing broad reachBuilds excitement; draws niche buyers; improves sale visibility
Implement Smart Bundling and Lot StrategiesMedium 🔄 (planning and pricing decisions)Low–Medium ⚡ (time to assemble and price bundles)⭐⭐⭐⭐ 📊 Moves slow inventory; raises average transaction value💡 Mixed-condition inventories, resellers, bulk-sale goalsIncreases perceived value; simplifies buying; improves turnover
Prepare Logistics and Pickup Operations for EfficiencyHigh 🔄 (operational planning, staffing)High ⚡ (helpers, packing materials, payment systems)⭐⭐⭐⭐ 📊 Faster pickups, fewer disputes, professional buyer experience💡 Large single-day sales, high-volume estates, local pickupsReduces loss/mislabeling; speeds clearance; protects seller liability
Follow Up and Manage Post-Sale Items and ReputationMedium 🔄 (ongoing communication, disposition)Low–Medium ⚡ (time for follow-up, recordkeeping)⭐⭐⭐⭐ 📊 Improved reputation, repeat buyers, useful feedback for future sales💡 Repeat sellers, platform-driven sales, those seeking referralsBuilds loyalty; generates referrals; resolves issues proactively

From Plan to Profit Your Next Steps

You can spot the sales that go off course early. A family spends days clearing closets, posts a rushed batch of listings, guesses at prices, and then loses margin in discounts, no-shows, and pickup confusion. The items were there. The value was there. The process failed them.

Profit usually comes from sequence and control. Start by making the inventory visible. Then present it well enough for buyers to trust what they are seeing. Price from current demand, schedule the sale when buyers are active, market the best pieces before launch, and set pickup rules before the first invoice goes out. That order protects both revenue and your time.

This is a key advantage of treating an estate sale as an end-to-end operation instead of a weekend cleanout. Each step supports the next one. A clean catalog makes marketing easier. Better marketing improves bidding and sell-through. Strong pickup procedures reduce disputes, missing items, and last-minute renegotiation. Post-sale follow-up protects your reputation if you plan to sell again, manage multiple estates, or rely on local word of mouth.

The broader market also supports a thoughtful online approach. As noted earlier, long-term demographic trends continue to drive estate liquidation activity. For homeowners, executors, and families handling transitions, that means digital selling tools are becoming part of standard practice, especially for sellers who want better documentation, broader reach, and tighter control over pricing decisions.

Traditional estate sale companies still fit some jobs. If the property needs full-service staging, staffing, security, and complete hands-off management, paying for that support can be the right trade-off. But sellers who are willing to do the prep work often want something different. They want to control reserves, respond to buyers directly, choose pickup terms, and keep more of the proceeds.

DIYAuctions is one option for that model. According to the publisher information provided, it uses a 10 percent commission capped at $1,000 and supports marketing, secure payment processing, and organized pickup management. For a seller who can handle sorting, cataloging, and decision-making, that setup can make sense as a DIY or hybrid path.

Start with the first task that creates clarity. Walk the property with your phone and a simple tracking sheet. Mark items as keep, sell, donate, or discard. Once the contents are documented, the sale stops feeling like one large emotional project and starts working like a series of decisions you can complete.

That is how you protect control. That is how you improve returns. That is how you get the property cleared without creating a second mess to solve.

Free Pricing Guide

Get the estate sale pricing guide

Enter your email for pricing ranges, planning notes, and a clearer path to launch.

By submitting, you agree to our terms and privacy policy.